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Perchlorate Ex Situ Water Treatment Technologies: Average Flow Volumes and Influent/Effluent Contaminant and Co-Contaminant Concentrations

Project Name Ex Situ Water Treatment
Influent Flow Volume 9gpm or other spec.) Influent Perchlorate Concentration (ppb) Effluent Perchlroate Concentration (ppb) Influent Co-Contaminants Concentration (ppb Effluent Co-Contaminants Concentration (ppb) Influent/Effluent TDS Concentration (ppm) Treatment Time/System Size
Phytoremediation - Greenhouse Testing Not Specified 300,000 max. <4 to <2 TCE TCE Not Specified 1.2 days (half-life)
NASA/California Insitute of Technology Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Anoxic FBR 5-6 350-740 <4 Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified 20' dia, 15' tall
Nasa/California Institute of Technology Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Packed Bed Reactor 2 <1,000 TBD VOCs VOCs Not Specified 3 columns
Application of Bioreactor Systems to Low-Concentration Contaminated Water Not Specified 18-1,000 4-18 Nitrate, TCE, PCE, etc. Nitrate, TCE, PCE, etc. Not Specified Lab-Pilot/Not Otherwise Specified
Application of Bioreactor Systems to Low-Concentration Contaminated Water Not Specified 18-1,000 4-18 Nitrate, TCE, PCE, etc. Nitrate, TCE, PCE, etc. Not Specified Lab-Pilot/Not Otherwise Specified
Investigation of Methods for Perchlorate Destruction in Aqueous Waste Stream Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Nitrate, TCE, TDS, Natural Organic Matter Nitrate, TCE, TDS, Natural Organic Matter Not Specified Lab-Pilot/Not Otherwise Specified
Investigation of Methods for Perchlorate Destruction in Aqueous Waster Stream Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Nitrate, TCE, TDS, Natural Organic Matter Nitrate, TCE, TDS, Natural Organic Matter Not Specified Lab-Pilot/Not Otherwise Specified
Removal of Perchlorate and Bromate in Conventional Ozone/GAC Systems Not Specified Not Specified 4-18 Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Lab-Pilot/Not Otherwise Specified
Treatability of Perchlorate-Containing Water by Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Not Specified 18-1,000 Not Specified TDS,TOC TDS,TOC Not Specified Lab-Pilot/Not Otherwise Specified
Treatability of Perchlorate in Groundwater Using Ion Exchange Technology Not Specified 1,000 max. 18 Nitrate, Arsenic, VOCs Nitrate, Arsenic, VOCs Not Specified Lab-Pilot/Not Otherwise Specified
Calgon Carbon Corp. - ISEP(R) Continuous Ion Exchange 4.28 18-76 <4 Nitrate Nitrate Not Specified Pilot/Not Otherwise Specified
Bifunctional Anion Exchange Resin Development 17 Bed Vol./min (30 Ml/min) Trace <3 Dissolved Org. Matter. Competitng Anions (Cl-, S)4-2, HCO3-3, NO3-) Dissolved Org. Matter. Competitng Anions (Cl-, S)4-2, HCO3-3, NO3-) Not Specified Bench-Scale/1x2.2 cm columns
Bioremediation of Perchlorate in Ground Water Not Specified 738,000,000
738,000,000		 <4 (5 hr HRT)
<18 (2.5 hr HRT)		 Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified 2.5-5 hr HRT
NASA/California Institute of Technology Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Ion Exchange Bed Regeneration Not Specified 1,200 <4 TCE, DCA, CCl4 TCE, DCA, CCl4
Reduced to Non-Detectable Levels		 Not Specified Not Specified
Calgon Carbon Corp. Ion Exchange Bed Regeneration/Umpqua Ion Exchange Bed Regeneration Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified
Bifunctional Anion Exchange Resin Pilot 2 Bed Vol./min (200 ml/min) 50 <5 Dissolved Org. Matter, Competing Anions (nl-, SO4-2, HCO3-3, NO3-) Dissolved Org. Matter, Competing Anions (nl-, SO4-2, HCO3-3, NO3-) Not Specified 57.4 ml Bed Vol. Columns
Biological Treatment at Low Concentrations in Water - Phase 1 Not Specified Low Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified
Biological Treatment at Low Concentrations in Water - Phase 2 Not Specified Low Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified
Full-Scale ISEP(R) Groundwater Treatment Plant 2,500 200 (Capable 600) 5 NDMA (3,000 ppt), 1,4-dioxane) NDMA(<2 ptt) Not Specified Not Specified
Treatability Studies for Perchlorate Treatment 1.0-2.5 lpm 100-1,600 <4 Sulfate, Nitrate, Chloride, Fluoride Not Specified Not Specified 2 -0.25cu ft resin vessels
Multi-Cell Respirometry Unit Test of Perchlorate Destruction Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified
Calgon Carbon Corp. Remediation of Seepage by Ion Exchange 200-560 80,000-110,000 <2,000 Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified
Patented Hall Rreactor Not Specified 300-1,000 Non-Detectable Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified 200 L Reactor Volume


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